@InProceedings{WardJVDOBKOASCRY:2018:ReSeCa,
               author = "Ward, Nicholas D. and Joshi, Ishan and Val{\'e}rio, Aline de 
                         Matos and D'Sa, Eurico J. and Osburn, Chris L. and Bianchi, Thomas 
                         S. and Ko, Dong and Oveido Vargas, Diana and Arellano, Ana and 
                         Sawakuchi, Henrique O. and Cunha, Alan C. and Richey, Jeffrey E. 
                         and Yager, Patricia L.",
          affiliation = "{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and {Louisiana State 
                         University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {Louisiana State University} and {North Carolina State 
                         University Raleigh} and {University of Florida} and {US Naval 
                         Research Laboratory} and {Stroud Center} and {University of 
                         Florida} and {CENA Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Amap{\'a}} and {University of 
                         Washington} and {University of Georgia}",
                title = "Remote sensing of carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal ecosystems 
                         across scales",
                 year = "2018",
         organization = "Ocean Sciences Meeting",
             abstract = "Global carbon balances lack a comprehensive inventory of the flux 
                         of CO2 between coastal waters and the atmosphere that accounts for 
                         the diverse range of spatial and mechanistic heterogeneity of 
                         earth systems, not to mention the entire surface area of the 
                         earth. Here, we evaluate two satellite remote sensing based 
                         approaches to resolve coastal CO2 fluxes in two types/sizes of 
                         coastal systems. Apalachicola Bay, Florida (AB) was used to 
                         evaluate fine scale dynamics in a semi-enclosed bay with 
                         blackwater river inputs. The Amazon River plume (ARP) was used to 
                         evaluate much larger spatial scales in a river-dominated shelf 
                         setting. In AB, we used chlorophyll and temperature products from 
                         VIIRS imagery, validated with in situ measurements, along with a 
                         previously established CDOM algorithm for the bay to map salinity. 
                         These 3 parameters were used to obtain multi-variable linear 
                         regression relationships for estimating pH, and pCO2 was estimated 
                         based on the in situ pH:pCO2 relationship. CO2 fluxes were highest 
                         in winter and summer corresponding to high river flow and warm 
                         water temperature and lower fluxes in spring and fall likely due 
                         to CO2 fixation via photosynthesis and low water temperatures with 
                         reduced river flow, respectively. The annual average flux for 
                         Apalachicola Bay from 2015-2016 was 3.52 mol m-2 y-1, or 0.034 Tg 
                         C y-1 for the entire bay. In the ARP we modeled pCO2 from 
                         2010-2014 based on sea surface salinity and temperature retrieved 
                         from SMOS and OISST, respectively. The ARP was a net sink of CO2 
                         during falling and low water periods, but a net source during 
                         rising and high water, resulting in an annual average flux of 1.10 
                         mol m-2 y-1 to the atmosphere, or 5.6 ± 7.2 Tg C y-1 across the 
                         extent of the ARP. These findings contradict the current paradigm 
                         that the ARP is a net sink of CO2, and are driven by observations 
                         of CO2-rich waters near the coast during rising and high water. 
                         Both approaches identified unique seasonal patterns driving net 
                         positive estuarine fluxes of CO2 to the atmosphere. The approach 
                         used in the Amazon still has spatial gaps considering it only 
                         covered waters between 20-35 psu salinity and further than 100 km 
                         offshore. The observations of dynamic intra- and inter-annual 
                         patterns illustrate the importance of developing more accurate and 
                         high-resolution approaches for examining carbon cycling parameters 
                         remotely.",
  conference-location = "Portland, Oregon, USA",
      conference-year = "11-16 Feb.",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}